German - Naming (2024)

Naming

Primary Author

Nina Evason,

Naming Conventions

  • Germany uses similar naming conventions to English-Western naming conventions
  • Most Germans have two given names and a family name arranged as follows: [first given name] [middle given name(s)] [FAMILY NAME]. For example, Maria Anna SCHAFER (female).
  • One’s ‘first name’, known as a ‘personal name’ or ‘given name’, is chosen at birth as the individual’s personal identifier. It always comes before the family name.
  • The ‘middle name’, is a secondary personal name written between the person's first name and their family name. Middle names are optional and are rarely used in daily life. However, it is most common for people to have one or multiple.
  • The ‘family name’, known as a ‘surname’ or ‘last name’, is inherited from one’s parents and shared with other members of the individual’s .
  • German surnames are traditionally patrilineal, whereby children carry their father’s family name. This is not an enforced custom and, today, children may be given either parent’s family name.
  • It is customary for women to adopt their husband’s family name at marriage. However, this practice is declining as more married women have been choosing to keep their maiden name. It is also legal for a man to take his wife’s family name at marriage.

Names

  • German first and middle names are generally gender-specific and left to the parents’ personal choice.
  • Traditionally, children were named after grandparents, but this practice is fading. Most parents choose their children’s personal names based on aesthetic appeal.
  • The most common and traditional German names are biblical, such as Johann/Hans (John), Georg/Jörg (George), Jakob (Jacob), Anna, Maria and Christina. Other popular names have Germanic origins, such as Friedrich and Ludwig.
  • English and international names have gained popularity in recent decades. In 2015, the six names most popular names for babies were Mia, Emma and Hannah (female), and Ben, Jonas and Leon (male).
  • Some of the most common German family names are MÜLLER, SCHMIDT, SCHMITZ, SCHNEIDER, FISCHER, WEBER, MEYER, MAYER, MEIER and WAGNER.

Addressing Others

  • Germans generally address one another verbally by using first name alone.
  • In formal situations, one should address another person using their title – “Herr” (Mr.) for men and “Frau” (Mrs.) for women. This is followed by their family name, e.g. Herr MÜLLER.
  • It is polite to continue to use formal titles until the person invites you to move on to a first-name basis.
  • Middle names are almost never used to address a person unless quoted on formal/legal documentation.

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FAQs

What is the German naming format? ›

Naming Conventions

Most Germans have two given names and a family name arranged as follows: [first given name] [middle given name(s)] [FAMILY NAME]. For example, Maria Anna SCHAFER (female). One's 'first name', known as a 'personal name' or 'given name', is chosen at birth as the individual's personal identifier.

How are people named in Germany? ›

Personal names in German-speaking Europe consist of one or several given names (Vorname, plural Vornamen) and a surname (Nachname, Familienname). The Vorname is usually gender-specific. A name is usually cited in the "Western order" of "given name, surname".

How were German children named? ›

Customarily at baptism a child was given two names. The first was a religious name and the second their call (Rufnahme) name. Unlike today, people were known by their second or middle name. Johann Ludwig Steck was called Ludwig or Louis.

How are German names formed? ›

Germanic given names are traditionally dithematic; that is, they are formed from two elements, by joining a prefix and a suffix. For example, King Æþelred's name was derived from æþele, meaning "noble", and ræd, meaning "counsel".

What is the old German naming pattern? ›

From the point at which church records begin (usually in the 1500s) through the end of the first wave, most German children were baptized with two given names. For boys, the first name was almost always Johann or Hans while, for girls, it was usually Anna or Maria.

Can you use Adolf as a name? ›

Adolf/Adolph

Once a popular name throughout Europe, this name's association with the German leader responsible for the slaughter of millions has led to the nearly universal ban on using the baby name. Where it does crop up, however, is usually within white supremacist hate groups.

What is a typical German first name? ›

Popular first names
BoysGirlsGender-neutral
EliasLinaMarlo
EmilEllaRobin
FelixKlara/ClaraNiki/Nicki
Louis/LuisLea/LeahJesse
6 more rows

What is the most common German last name in Germany? ›

In Germany, there are about 850,000 different family names. The most common German surname, Müller (miller), is shared by around 700,000 people. This is followed in popularity by the name Schmidt (along with variants such as Schmitt or Schmitz, this comes from the blacksmith's trade), with Meier coming in third place.

What does Johan mean in German? ›

Meaning:Yahweh is gracious. Johann is the German version of the Hebrew name Yochanan, meaning "Yahweh is gracious." There are several different forms of this ancient name; Johann derives from the Latin Iohannes, which in turn comes from the Greek name Iōánnēs. Its English equivalent is John.

What is the most common German last name? ›

Regional differences. Although Müller is the most common name in German-speaking countries, in some areas other surnames are more frequent than Müller. The common names Schmidt and Schmitz lead in the central German-speaking and eastern Low German-speaking areas.

What do German parents call their kids? ›

The most common terms of endearment that parents use for their children are “Schatz”, “Schatzi”, or “Schätzchen”, which means “treasure” or “l*ttle treasure”. Other terms include “Liebling” (“dear” or “darling”), “Bärchen” (“l*ttle bear”), and “Süßer” or “Süße” (“sweet”).

What are the rarest German last names? ›

Some uncommon German last names include:
  • Bierhals (meaning beer-throat)
  • Durchdenwald (meaning through the trees or forest)
  • Handschuh (meaning a glove)
  • Nachtnebel (meaning foggy night)
  • Trinkenschuh (meaning drink-shoe)
Dec 6, 2023

What is a cool German name? ›

50 German Baby Names
Popular German Baby Names: Meanings and Origins
JohanGod is graciousGerman, Hebrew
KarlWarriorGerman, Swedish
KurtAdvisorGerman, English
LouisaFamous warriorGerman, French
7 more rows
Apr 19, 2024

Why do German names have von in them? ›

The term von ([fɔn]) is used in German surnames either as a nobiliary particle indicating a noble patrilineality, or as a simple preposition used by commoners that means 'of' or 'from'. Nobility directories like the Almanach de Gotha often abbreviate the noble term von to v.

Was Adolf a common German name? ›

During the 19th and early 20th centuries, Adolf was a popular name for baby boys in German-speaking countries and to a lesser extent also in French-speaking countries (spelled there as Adolphe). After Adolf Hitler came to power in Nazi Germany, the name Adolf became popular again, especially in 1933–1934 and 1937.

Why does Germany have 3 names? ›

the German language endonym is Deutschland, from the Old High German diutisc. the French exonym is Allemagne, from the name of the Alamanni tribe. In Italian it is Germania, from the Latin Germania, although the German people are called tedeschi.

How do you write my name is in Germany? ›

Another way to introduce yourself is to use the German equivalent of “my name is __”: Mein Name ist __”.

Why does Germany have two names? ›

Germany is a big area and there were very different people in different places. The different languages usually adopted the term of the people they first came in contact with. The Finnish for example first had contact with the "Sachsen" (pronounced [zaksn̩]) , hence they call Germany "Saksa".

What is a typical German name surname? ›

In Germany, there are about 850,000 different family names. The most common German surname, Müller (miller), is shared by around 700,000 people. This is followed in popularity by the name Schmidt (along with variants such as Schmitt or Schmitz, this comes from the blacksmith's trade), with Meier coming in third place.

References

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